Periodontitis

Periodontitis is a medical condition affecting the gums, the surrounding tissues and the jawbones. The big word comes from the Greek peri-odont (around the teeth) and the suffix -itis standing for inflammation. Commonly known as gum disease, periodontitis damages the gums and consumes the jawbone which makes it the leading cause of teeth loss. It is the second most common dental disease after tooth decay.

Note: There is a difference between periodontitis and gingivitis. Usually they occur in the following progression: a minor gum inflammation turns into gingivitis (serious inflammation of the gums), which, if left untreated, evolves into periodontitis.

Note: While gingivitis can be cured, periodontitis is a condition (like diabetes or high blood pressure) and it cannot be cured. Periodontitis can only be treated and managed.

Periodontitis (or gum disease) is caused by bacteria that colonize teeth surfaces and cause an aggressive immune response. Here are the leading causes of gum disease:

• Improper dental hygiene: Lax dental hygiene allows the accumulation of unhealthy bacteria in the mouth which may cause gingivitis and eventually, periodontitis. See our FAQ on how to maintain high oral hygiene.
• Medical conditions: Diabetes, kidney disease and other medical conditions that affect the body’s ability to produce sugar may contribute to periodontitis.
• Organic Changes in the Mouth: Metabolism and hormone level changes that occur during pregnancy, puberty and menopause may affect the organic balance in the mouth and make teeth more susceptible to periodontitis.

You don’t have to be able to diagnose yourself. This is what dentists are for and this is why you shouldn’t skip your regular dental check-ups. Another good reason for attending your regular check-ups is that periodontitis affects the bone, which is not visible. However, there are some common signs of gum disease to look for:

• bleeding of the gums when you brush/floss
• swelling of the gums
• bad breath
• your teeth feeling loose

Once present, periodontitis cannot be cured. It can only be treated to avoid its complications (severe infections and teeth loss). This is why prevention, through good dental hygiene (tips in the FAQ), is essential. Periodontitis treatment includes scaling and prescribed medication.